Geographic Distance

In M21-S2 - Article - Distance Still Matters Geographic Distance is the physical distance between two countries. In general, the farther you are from a country, the harder it will be to conduct business in that country. But geographic distance is not simply a matter of how far away the country is in miles or kilometers. Other attributes that must be considered include:

• the physical size of the country
• average within-country distances to borders
• access to waterways and the ocean
• topography.

Man-made geographic attributes also must be taken into account—most notably, a country’s transportation and communications infrastructures. Obviously, geographic attributes influence the costs of transportation.