View source for Important cognitive biases

=Social Cognition Biases=
[[Correspondence Bias|Correspondence Bias]]: The tendency to infer that people's behavior corresponds to their disposition (personality).
[[Actor/Observer Difference|Actor/Observer Difference]]: The tendency to see other people's behavior as dispositionally caused but focusing more on the role of situational factors when explaining one's own behavior.
[[Self-Serving Attributions|Self-Serving Attributions]]: Explanations for one's successes that credit internal, dispositional factors and explanations for one's failures that blame external, situational factors.
[[Belief in a Just World|Belief in a Just World]]: The assumption that bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people.
[[Own-Race Bias|Own-Race Bias]]: The fact that people are better at recognizing faces of their own race than those of other races.
[[Ultimate Attribution Error|Ultimate Attribution Error]]: The tendency to make  dispositional attributions about an entire group of people.
[[In-group bias|In-group bias]]: The tendency to reserve positive feelings and special treatment to people we have defined as being part of our in-group (the group with which a person identifies and of which he or she feels a member), and negative feelings and unfair treatment to people we have defined as being part of our out-group (groups which an individual does not identify with).
[[Out-group homogeneity bias|Out-group homogeneity bias]]: The perception that those in the out-group are more similar (homogenous) to each other than they really are, as well as more similar than the members of the in-group are (i.e., the belief that “they’re all alike”).
[[Illusory Correlation|Illusory Correlation]]: The tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated; this is one way stereotypes form and endure.
[[False Consensus Effect|False Consensus Effect]]: The tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others agree with them.
=Reasoning Biases=
[[Representativeness Heuristic|Representativeness Heuristic]]: The tendency for people to use similarity or representativeness as a proxy for probabilistic thinking; this can lead to base-rate neglect, the tendency for people to insufficiently take into account the overall frequency (base rate) of an event in a population.
[[Hindsight Bias|Hindsight Bias]]: The tendency for people to exaggerate how much  they could have predicted an outcome after knowing that it occurred.
[[Projection Bias|Projection Bias]]: The tendency for people to exaggerate the degree to which their future tastes will resemble their current tastes.
[[Impact Bias|Impact Bias]]: The tendency to overestimate the intensity and duration of our emotional reactions to future negative events.
[[Conjunction Fallacy|Conjunction Fallacy]]: The tendency to assume that specific conditions are more probable than  general ones.
[[Gambler's Fallacy|Gambler's Fallacy]]: The false belief that in a sequence of independent draws from a distribution, an outcome that has not occurred for a while is more likely to come up on the next draw.
[[Hot-Hand Fallacy|Hot-Hand Fallacy]]: The false or exaggerated belief that a person's performance varies systematically over the short run.
[[Availability Heuristic|Availability Heuristic]]: The tendency for people to assess the frequency of a class or the probability of an event by the ease with which instances or occurrences can be brought to mind.
[[Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic|Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic]]: The tendency for people to answer a question by starting at some first-pass guess based on memory or the environment, and adjust that guess until they are satisfied with the answer.
[[Curse of Knowledge|Curse of Knowledge]]: If you know something, you can't appreciate what it's like not to know it.

[[Memory Biases|Memory Biases]]: The serial position effect refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an  item's position within a study list.
[[Primacy Effect|Primacy Effect]]: the tendency to weigh  initial events more than subsequent events.  People tend to recall items that were at the beginning of a list rather than  items that were in the middle of a list.
[[Recency Effect]: the tendency to weigh  recent events more than earlier events.  People tend to recall items that were at the end of a list rather than  items that were in the middle of a list.|Recency Effect]: the tendency to weigh  recent events more than earlier events.  People tend to recall items that were at the end of a list rather than  items that were in the middle of a list.]]

Source: http://www.quora.com/Psychology/What-are-the-most-important-cognitive-biases-to-be-aware-of
[[Category:management]]

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